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The other components are ancillary components not mentioned here. The active part of a transformer is made of the elements that are in contact with the voltage and the current, and are mainly composed of windings, core, tap changer bushings. The reader interested in finding out more about the theory and the practice regarding power transformers could read, a book continuously updated for almost a century ago! Those constraints are taken into account when studying the transformer limits, like overvoltage (lightning) and overcurrent (short circuits). Secondly, the two main constraints of power transformers are high voltage and high current, depending on whether the HV or LV is observed. The trend in large countries like Canada, Brazil, Russia, China, South Africa, South Korea, USA, and Venezuela is the development of the 800 kV electrical networks, or the 1000 kV to 1200 kV ones in China and India, respectively. First, with the voltage increase of an electrical network, the Joule losses are reduced. Three points could be noted from these electromagnetic principles. Most of them are the three-phase transformers or the three single-phase transformers. This is possible due to a key grid component – the power transformer. Moreover the Joules heat effect is proportional to the square of the current transmitted into any ordinary conductor like transformer windings or transmission lines.īoth these effects combined at constant power of elevating voltage reduce heat dissipation accordingly by the square of the current, and enable the transmission of power of alternating current and voltage over very long distances from the energy producer to the energy consumer while limiting the power losses in the grid. In a rough approximation, if the transformer losses are disregarded, the power (Voltage x Current) transmitted through the windings has a lower current on the high voltage (HV) side than on the low voltage (LV) side. It should be noted that a classic power transformer requires alternative voltage.
The voltage ratio (V1/V2, where V1>V2) of the transformer is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the two windings (N1/N2, where N1>N2) in a first approximation. The basic facts and the main parts and components of power transformers are presented in this article to understand which diagnoses can be applied accordingly.Ī single-phase transformer is basically made out of two separate windings that are inserted into each other into a closed loop of magnetic core.
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